Four decades on, where’s the HIV vaccine?

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WASHINGTON — In the four decades since the first cases of what would come to be known as AIDS were documented, scientists have made huge strides in HIV treatment, transforming what was once a death sentence to a manageable condition.

What we still don’t have is a vaccine that would train human immune systems to ward off the infection before it ever takes root.

Here’s the state of play on some of these efforts, which experts see as the “holy grail” in the fight to eliminate a virus that 38 million people live with globally.

 
Why do we need a vaccine?
 

More people than ever now have access to medications called antiretroviral therapy or ART, which when taken …

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